Day 12: 2 Ways to Cite Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is information that is restated without losing the original meaning. After reading information to be noted, the paraphrasing process is three-fold: use a different sentence structure, compare the meaning to the original, and then cite it.

Spoiler alert!  In scholarly writing, researchers cite sources for information as they write the body of a paper. The mini-citations are called parenthetical or in-text citations and are snippets of information that lead the reader to the Reference page for the full citation.

There are 2 ways to cite paraphrasing: embedded and referenced.

Embedded in-text citation is part of the sentence wording: According to Chambers (1859), a book of days can cover all manner of human day-to-day activities from gardening to religious observances.

Referenced in-text citation is the proof after the fact has been stated: A book of days can cover all manner of human day-to-day activities from gardening to religious observances (Chambers, 1859). [notice how it falls inside the period]

Embedded citations would be like bookmarks that are part of a book's binding
whereas with a referenced citation it would be like putting a bookmark at the end of a section
before going on to another piece of information.

Question about the topic: How is embedded or referenced citation interpreted by a reader? Is one more formal than the other?